Vapor cloud explosion analysis of onshore petrochemical facilities

The paper describes an approach to predicting gas explosion loads and response which has been developed for offshore installations and which only recently has been adapted to onshore petrochemical facilities. The paper consists of three parts: Part 1: An overview of vapour cloud explosion hazards in petrochemical onshore facilities and a discussion of modeling approaches. Part 2: A probabilistic explosion risk analysis for a petrochemical facility, based on the CFD code FLACS, where the focus is on determining risk of escalation in a future unit from explosions in an existing unit. Part 3: An MDOF response analysis is presented for selected equipment (a loop reactor and a raised vessel) based on the loads predicted in the probabilistic analysis.